The thing isn’t broken, the design is

[dc]

I thought this report was interesting: half of all “malfunctioning” products are in full working order, it’s just that the poor bloody customers can’t figure out how to operate the devices. Even worse for them, companies frequently dismiss them as ‘nuisance calls.’ It was a nice touch that the study being reported involved giving managers products to use over a weekend:

The managers returned frustrated because they could not get the devices to work properly.

A nice glow of Schadenfreude there.

This report didn’t surprise me, nor did Elke den Ouden’s conclusion that Most of the flaws found their origin in the first phase of the design process: product definition — which I take to mean that they never clearly worked out what it was they were trying to do with the thing. I’ve been thinking for a long time that many examples of modern technology have been designed by people who have given no thought to how real people would interact with the devices.

Take digital cameras. I have a nice wee digital camera which I got for nothing because a friend got so fed up with trying to get it working that he thrust it at me, saying Here, take the bloody thing, I never want to see it again. Now, I have (it seems) some sort of talent in sitting down with a bit of technology and figuring out how to use it without too much difficulty. It didn’t let me down here: within five minutes of trying to get the camera working, I had taken several pictures and transferred them to the PC. I mention this, though, not to show technologically challenged my friend is (though he really is), but to show that I have little problems most of the time with technology and software. (It is ironic that I regularly advise people like my friend to RTFM while I have hardly ever read a manual myself.) Yet not so long ago, a bunch of us were looking at another digital camera — I think it was at l_zinkiewicz’s leaving drinkies do — and none of us could figure out how the thing was supposed to work. We might as well have been trying to read quipu when were prowling through those menus.

It seems to me there are two basic problems with a lot of modern kit:

1. It has been designed by people who have a fixed idea about how they would use it, without considering whether or not it would even occur to someone who hadn’t been involved in that process to use it in that way.

2. There is huge over-reliance on icons. Most icons are completely meaningless to anyone seeing them for the first time, yet a lot of kit (and software — but at least you might get tooltips there) has nothing but icons to indicate what you are supposed to do. This was, by the way, the problem with that camera. Little or no text, just a lot of obscure wee icons.

All of which is a pain, and it irritates me that, for example, my mother got a mobile phone a while back which is almost unusable because of a hideously badly designed menu system (she has to enter a number manually every time she wants to call it). I do worry, though, about the application of such design techniques in areas such as aviation, or the military, or car design.

Comments

[wibbble]

I think that aviation and the military, at least, are relatively immune from this sort of nonsense: if it's not easily understandable at a glance, neither the aviation industry nor the military are going to touch it.

I can just picture someone on a field trial of some new planning/communication device deciding to just drop it in a pool of mud and go back to using a map and a radio rather than figure out the icons.

[tanngrisnir.livejournal.com]

You would hope so; however, I do recall reports that some US aircraft carriers were going to be running on a version of Windows.

[wibbble]

Well, it depends on what it's being used for. I imagine there's a lot of paperwork involved in running an aircraft carrier - it would be mean to make them use Linux and OpenOffice.

As for other systems, AFAIK there's no real-time version of Windows, so you couldn't use it for more essential systems.

[tanngrisnir.livejournal.com]

I’d rather use OpenOffice than Word any day. And Linux is a far superior operating system than Windows. (To pick just one little thing: you tell Linux to shut down, and it shuts down; you cannot always say the same for Windows.)

What was being talked about for the carriers was explicitly not office use, it was to run the ship.

Scary thought.

[wibbble]

Well, we've no Windows machines here. :o) OpenOffice is a bit horrible, though - it's like all the badness of Word without any of the more recent improvements.

I tend to use Nisus Writer myself, anyway.

I suppose the military could at least insist on getting the source code to do a proper security audit, which is something, at least.

[tanngrisnir.livejournal.com]

The early versions of OpenOffice weren’t brilliant, but recent ones are much improved. It also has one particular feature that sets it apart from MS software: it doesn’t set out all the time to do what it thinks you should have meant instead of what you actually want. On the Windows hard drive, I have a copy of OpenOffice installed to use rather than the copy of Word which came with the OS.

MacOS is nicely designed, but give me the configurability of Linux any day. ;o)

[wibbble]

Eh, Mac OS X is basically really pretty BSD clone. You get all the options and configurability for Linux, and all the decent commercial software of Mac OS.

I've got X11 installed on my iBook, and can install packages using 'apt-get install' - there's also a port of portage (as used on Gentoo). Oh, and the BSD ports system, too.

Mac OS X really is the best of both worlds. :o)

[tanngrisnir.livejournal.com]

I haven’t used OS X. Does it also give you the BASH console? Does it really have all the configurability of Linux?

[wibbble]

It used to ship with tcsh as default, but now BASH is. There's also ksh and other options.

There's a few native terminal applications, plus, of course, you can always run xterm inside X11.

If you wanted to, you could even abandon 'Aqua' (the Mac OS X native GUI), boot to a command-line prompt, and start up X11 with KDE or GNOME, and you'd basically just have a slightly weird BSD box.

You do have some limits - Mac OS X people don't run around recompiling their kernels (although you could: the source is available), and most of the Aqua software is closed-source, or at least not trivially available as source code. On the other hand, there's a lot of Mac OS X software based on open source projects - the most popular non-Apple third-party IM client is based on libgaim, for example.

And finally, Mac OS X has a level of prettiness that Linux is only now just starting to come close to with the XGI stuff.

[tanngrisnir.livejournal.com]

Sounds like MacOS might be as good an improvement as some people claim. Not sure why I would prefer to run MacOS based on a Unix flavour rather than Linux, but it does sound a huge improvement.

You don’t have to go running around recompiling the kernel if you use Linux either. :o)

(I have never done it, and don’t intend to, either.)

As for prettiness, Linux has been pretty (well, some of the graphical desktops anyway — Gnome is a dog) for a while, not only now, though nowhere near as long as MacOS, I grant you. :o)

[wibbble]

Actually, it is pretty new: Xgl - http://www.novell.com/linux/xglrelease/

A lot of the stuff there Mac OS X is capable of, but doesn't do, because it's pointless.

This only got demoed this year, so it is new stuff.

As for why you'd pick Mac OS X: the hardware's solid, the driver support is decent, and you can use Photoshop (or whatever), and Apple's own software (at the consumer end: iTunes, iMovie, iDVD, and the high-end pro software like Final Cut Pro) is really quite excellent.

A lot of Linux-geeks/hackers have switched to using Mac OS X on a PowerBook. I suspect even more will move over now that there's an Intel CPU inside the 'MacBook'.

[tanngrisnir.livejournal.com]

No, some of these extra prettifications are new; that doesn’t mean it was quite pretty before that. :o)

Hardware’s pretty irrelevant, since Linux isn’t tethered to a particular combination of hardware. (Frankly, I would prefer to run Motorola-based hardware in an ideal world, but I can live with Intel-type hardware.) You have a good point with regard to particular types of application. I think for video and music editing, and maybe certain specialised types of publishing, I would go for a Mac every time. For just about anything else, I don’t think it gives a particular advantage.

Typo

[tanngrisnir.livejournal.com]

...that doesn’t mean it wasn’t quite pretty...

[wibbble]

The Intel CPU attracting more people is mostly psychological. There's no real difference in how to machine /works/, they've just replaced an IBM chip with an Intel one. In the long term it'll make for some interesting stuff (dual-booting with Windows, things like WINE), but in the short term it just means that lots of stuff won't work quickly on a new Mac.

For every day use, I'd say Mac OS X has an edge over Windows, and definitely over Linux. It's interesting to read what the Penny Arcade guys have been saying - these are long-time Windows users who either out-right hated the Mac, or were just completely apathetic towards it. Within a few weeks of getting an Intel Mac they're raving about how much /better/ the user experience is.

It's something that us Mac people have known for years, of course. ;o)

[tanngrisnir.livejournal.com]

Of course the user experience is better — MacOS was designed by people who knew what they were doing.

Your relative position of the three OSes is a bit skewy, though. MacOS has a definite edge over Windows (whether you are talking X or earlier), but Linux has a definite edge over Windows too — I think you haven’t used a Linux machine in a while. :)

It is now possible for a user to sit down with a PC, stick a distro in the drive and install it, then run it and use it quite easily (it’s never completely easy, since every OS, MacOS included has its quirks you need to learn), all without opening a manual or doing anything remotely obscure or difficult. (Try doing that with Windows!) You might not be doing everything you could do, but that doesn’t really matter.

[wibbble]

It's been a while since I tried Linux on a workstation, but I do use Linux regularly on my server. :o)

The user-experience in Linux has always seemed very... fragile. It /can/ be as easy to install as that (and it has been for ages), but it can also become very hard very quickly when you try to use it. For example, you might've seen those Xgl demo videos and decided to give Linux a shot. You manage to partition your drive without trashing everything, install some nice easy distro, and find that actually using Xgl (or anything similar) is a complete nightmare, relying on beta-level cutting edge X servers and all sorts of painful installs.

Then there's another big failing for Linux from a usability point of view: there's too much choice. You might decide to try Linux - but which distribution? Do you use KDE or Gnome? (Or, more likely, just whatever's the default on your distro - but then you might not be able to use the same email client as your friend who uses KDE when you're using Gnome.) When you go to set things up, there's usually an intimidating abundance of preference options.

It sounds backwards: but too much choice is very damaging for the user experience. Finding the balance is difficult: there's times when a developer has to say 'I'm not adding that as an option' because they know it's not a good choice to offer the user, but if they do it too much you're left with the problem this whole post started with - people being stuck with the original developer's idea of how to use the thing.

Apple don't follow their own HCI guidelines any more, but other Mac OS X developers do, which is one of the reasons that a lot of Mac OS X software is so good. :o)

[tanngrisnir.livejournal.com]

I doubt the average user would see those demos and set about installing betas to try them. The choice is one of Linux’s strengths, not a weakness. I loathe Gnome, but some people love it — I can use the sort of desktop I like, and so can they.

I don’t get what you mean by this:

but then you might not be able to use the same email client as your friend who uses KDE when you’re using Gnome.

In the first place, what does your friend’s email client have to with the email client you use? I think I’m missing your point. In the second place, just because something is a “Gnome” or “KDE” application doesn’t mean you can only use it from that desktop environment. ATM, I am running KDE and using a newsreader which is supposedly designed for Gnome.

WRT too much choice — it depends what you mean. I don’t think that you can have too much choice when it comes to how you want to use your system, so I have no problem with the wide range of software which came with this distro (SuSE as it happens, though I have used others), and I don’t see that having different desktop environments to choose from is a bad thing. I also have no problem with the range of distros. There are those you need to be a bit techie to use (Debian, perhaps, or Slackware, which was the first one I ever tried), and those you don’t, such as SuSE or whatever Mandrake’s called these days.

On the other hand, when it comes to options within a piece of software, you certainly can have too many options (one of the things I don’t like about a lot of MS stuff). Or, at least, you can have too many options presented to the user at one time. What you need, really, is all those options but handled so that the user only sees those which are relevant to the task at hand (so you don’t get the image manipulation features when you are editing a block of text, for example). It would also help if there were less reliance on obscure icons.

The thing I don’t like about a lot of Linux distros now is that it is possible to set them up to boot into a particular user’s session without a login/password being required. That’s Not A Good Thing.

[wibbble]

> In the first place, what does your friend’s email client have to with the email client you use? I think
> I’m missing your point.

I was thinking about how most non-business people end up trying Linux: because they've got a friend who uses it. So now their friend goes 'oh, I use KMail for my email - I can't help you set that up', and they discover that KMail doesn't like to work under Gnome, or works but not quite as well as it should.

I still think that for your average non-technical user, lots of choice is a bad thing. It's nice for you or I to be able to pick which distro suits our style of computer use, but J. Random User just needs to be told to install Distro X because it'll work. Unfortunately, even for the same target audience there's multiple competing distros, so it ends up being 'Distro X if you want to use KDE, Distro Y if you like Gnome' - at which points they're now completely lost.

This kind of choice is both Linux's strength and its weakness. It makes it really popular for geeks (and for server usage), but it hurts widespread adoption with home users.

Mac OS X actually defaults to logging the user in without a username or password - for a system with just one user, it's a sensible default. (If someone's got physical access to the machine, your username/password aren't going to slow them down much anyway.) It's easy to switch to different models of login, though (the normal username/password text fields, selecting users from a list then typing a password, or even using US Government-issued swipe cards, apparently). And it supports fast user switching, so you can have multiple users logged into the GUI at one time, which is really nice.

[tanngrisnir.livejournal.com]

Actually, as far as I can see there would be no problem with running KMail under Gnome. And email clients are hardly that difficult to set up, not these days. Anyone who can set up KMail could probably help his pal to set up whatever mail client they want to use. :)

The thing about JR User is, he or she would probably go for a name they had heard of, such as Mandriva (I think it is), SuSE, or something like that. They aren’t all that likely to try to set up Slackware or Debian or Xandros. Most of the well-known distros know come with KDE and Gnome (as well as other options) — you don’t have to pick a distro for your desktop, you can install both and try them out, then stick with KDE the way most sensible people do. :o)

It is now the case that a reasonably technically competent random user — I am specifically excluding here certain of my friends who can barely play a CD in a CD player; I mean someone who can make a fair stab at programming a standard VCR (not some of the ridiculously complex ones) — could be told, Go get [distro], install it, and use it. In fact, it has got to the point where you could say to them to get a magazine which has the given distro on a cover disc, and they could install it and use it. Linux used to take a horrendous amount of tweaking — not any more. Install it, it works. Connect a bit of hardware, it works. I dare say sooner or later something wouldn’t work when connected, but I haven’t had any problems in that line for a long time. You don’t even have to mount/unmount devices now: the system handles it.

WRT passwords, with a lot of people, having physical access to the computer wouldn’t help them much if they didn’t have your login and password. That aside, though, a sensible set-up has an admin login for handling software installation and system admin stuff, and that only, with normal use being through a user account with limited permissions. That provides a lot of protection against fuckups. (I also think that some people should never, never, never be given the slightest suggestion of admin access, even if that means they need a geek friend to set up some stuff for them.)

User switching/multiple users logged in... Now that is real old hat from the Linux POV. :o)

[wibbble]

If someone has physical access they don't /need/ your passwords: they can simply boot the machine from a LiveCD and access everything as root - or just open it and remove the HD.

Mac OS X, by default, disables root - sudo's available, but you can't log in as root. 'Administrator' users (including the first user, by default) are in the wheel group, so they can sudo.

Multiple instances of X11, and switching between them, is certainly something that's been around *nix for years, but it's definitely beyond the install-and-forget kind of thing you're talking about. The big strength of Mac OS X isn't so much that it's introducing never-heard-of-features, it's that it's making them effortlessly to use.

[tanngrisnir.livejournal.com]

Sorry, I didn't put it very clearly. Yes, I know that if someone has access to the machine they can do what you say (in fact, I did it myself to one of my hard drives after a catastrophic double crash — and come to think of it, it wasn’t that simple, since you had to know how to set permissions) — what I actually meant was that most of the people you need to worry about getting unwanted access to your machine don’t have a sufficient level of knowledge to do that. For them, having a password restriction is a good safety measure.

There was the case of the guy whose laptop was stolen on the Tube. The gits who stole it clearly were stymied by the fact that it didn’t boot Windows, and then demanded a password. They left it on the Tube in disgust and he got it back, intact and with his data secure.

It used to be the case that you just couldn’t install Linux in such a way that it could boot without having to enter a login and password. I don’t know which distro had the bright idea of allowing direct boot into a user session, but I think it is foolish. I suppose we should be grateful for the small mercy that those distros which put up a menu of users on the login screen don’t include root there.

Actually, the switching between different sessions isn’t beyond the install-and-forget thing. It’s sitting there in the KDE menu, and a helpful dialogue comes up to tell you what’s going on if you don’t already know.

I am not only impressed at how effortless these new distros are, I am actually surprised.

[wibbble]

You're not the only one that's surprised. :o)

I'll be sticking with Mac OS X, though, for any machine I need to interact with directly. I was planning to get an AMD64 machine later on this year so that I could work on some stuff locally, but it would probably be a box without a monitor.

[highstone.livejournal.com]

At last! This is what I moan continually about, and thought I was in a very small minority. When switching from an all text (Unix-based) library system to Windoze, I was continually putting out sarcastic remarks about crappy ambiguous icons, and why the frak could they not just put the command word there instead...

[tanngrisnir.livejournal.com]

Quite. The problem is, I think, that people have thought that text always has to be translated for different languages, but a picture paints a thousand words ’ which is rubbish for about 90% of icons. (I may be being too generous in the number it isn’t.) I remember when I first saw the Web, I couldn’t understand why all these pages had little pictures of houses. It took quite a while for the penny to drop that this meant “home page”, the problem being that when I see a little house, I think “little house”, not “home” (a word which I associate with other images entirely). And that is a relatively transparent example.

There are still some things I would rather do from a command line rather than use a graphical interface, it is easier and more efficient.

Digi vidi :)

[jezreell1.livejournal.com]

Next time you come down, you can work out why my new DVD Video Recorder only records from the freeview box in B&W while evrything else is fine...

Jez - not normally beaten by technology...

Re: Digi vidi :)

[tanngrisnir.livejournal.com]

The interaction between digital boxes and recorders (DVD or VHS) is very problematic. One of the Caer Clud people was astonished when I mentioned I had taped something off BBC3, because she just can’t get her box and her VCR to talk to each other. My parents’ box is peculiar. You can tape from the digital box, but not watch it at the same time. Unless the taping is being done on the VCR’s timer. Our setup works remarkably well.

I assume you have done the obvious, like checking connections, making sure the cables are actually all right, things like that?

Re: Digi vidi :)

[jezreell1.livejournal.com]

Aye. It tapes everything else ok, just not the digibox stuff.

But I have a fiendishly complex set-up, with a digibox, a portable tv (only one scart socket) and two VCRs (one of which is the new DVD/VCR) in series.

I can tape from the digi onto the older VCR, but the other one turns its nose up. I think I just have too many things going on at once.

--

Jez

Re: Digi vidi :)

[tanngrisnir.livejournal.com]

That might be true. Try taking the old VCR out of the setup and see how you get on.